Transport Layer Protocol
Q1.
Suppose two hosts use a TCP connection to transfer a large file. Which of the following statements is/are FALSE with respect to the TCP connection? I. If the sequence number of a segment is m, then the sequence number of the subsequent segment is always m+1. II. If the estimated round trip time at any given point of time is t sec, the value of the retransmission timeout is always set to greater than or equal to t sec. III. The size of the advertised window never changes during the course of the TCP connection. IV. The number of unacknowledged bytes at the sender is always less than or equal to the advertised window.Q2.
Consider the three-way handshake mechanism followed during TCP connection establishment between hosts P and Q. Let X and Y be two random 32-bit starting sequence numbers chosen by P and Q respectively. Suppose P sends a TCP connection request message to Q with a TCP segment having SYN bit =1, SEQ number =X, and ACK bit =0. Suppose Q accepts the connection request. Which one of the following choices represents the information present in the TCP segment header that is sent by Q to P?Q4.
Which algorithm is used to shape the bursty traffic into a fixed rate traffic by averaging the data rate?Q6.
Consider the following statements about the timeout value used in TCP. i.The timeout value is set to the RTT (Round Trip Time) measured during TCP connection establishment for the entire duration of the connection. ii.Appropriate RTT estimation algorithm is used to set the timeout value of a TCP connection. iii.Timeout value is set to twice the propagation delay from the sender to the receiver. Which of the following choices hold?Q7.
What is the maximum size of data that the application layer can pass on to the TCP layer below?Q8.
In the slow start phase of the TCP congestion control algorithm, the size of the congestion windowQ10.
While opening a TCP connection, the initial sequence number is to be derived using a time-of-day (ToD) clock that keeps running even when the host is down. The low order 32 bits of the counter of the ToD clock is to be used for the initial sequence numbers. The clock counter increments once per millisecond. The maximum packet lifetime is given to be 64s. Which one of the choices given below is closest to the minimum permissible rate at which sequence numbers used for packets of a connection can increase?